All items are from Home Science Tools except those in light blue which can be found at Carolina Biological Supply.
- Microscope
- Digital Stop Watch
- Slides
- Depression Slides
- Coverslips
- (4) Plastic Cups with Lids (2A, 2B)
- Clover Seeds (2A)
- (4) Graduated Cylinder (2A)
- Sample Tray (2A, 2B)
- Brine Shrimp Eggs (2B)
- Magnifying Glass
- Balance (2B, 8A)
- Safety Goggles (4A)
- Apron (4A)
- (4) 40ml Containers with Screw Caps (4A)
- Bromothymol Blue Solution (4A)
- Beakers (4A, 5B)
- Petri Dishes
- 2-5cm Sprigs of an Aquatic Plant (4A)
- Funnel (4A)
- Brine Shrimp (5B)
- Plastic Droppers
- Iodine Stain (7A)
- Prepared Slide: Human Muscle Tissue (7B)
- Live Ulothrix (7B)
- Methylene Blue Stain (7B)
- (2) 600 ml Beakers (8A)
- 50 ml Beakers (8A)
- Live Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium Cultures (9A)
- Prepared Slide: Onion Root Tip Slide (10A)
- Prepared Slide: Horse Ascaris Slide (10A)
- PTC Paper (11A)
- Pop Beads and Clear Plastic Connectors (12A, 12B)
- Leaf Cutaway Slide (16A)
- Zebrina Plant (16A) (*Order 3-4 weeks prior to Investigation)
- Forceps (16A)
- Glucose Solution (16A)
- Dissecting Scissors (16B)
- Live Planarians (17A)
- Cow Eye Dissection Kit (17B)
- Sphygmomanometer (18B)
- Stethoscope (18B)
Labels: Science
Part One: Units 1-3
Unit 4: Evolution and Change
Chapter 11: Evolution
- Section 11.1: Evidence for Evolution
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 13A: Crazy Adaptions
- Skill and Practice Sheet 13.1: Charles Darwin
- Suggested Reading: The Tree of Life: Charles Darwin by Peter Sis, Charles Darwin and the Beagle Adventure by A.J. Wood, On the Origin of Species: The Illustrated Edition by Charles Darwin, David Quammen. (Additional Literature Tie-In: The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate by Jacqueline Kelly)
- An excellent 53-page booklist on Darwin and evolution can be found here. See also: Charlie's Playhouse.
- DVD(s): Creation, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Darwin's Secret Notebooks
- Section 11.2: How Evolution Works
- Section 11.3: Natural Selection
- Tree of Life Web Project
- Charles Darwin from The Open University: Includes "Devolve Me" activity.
- Section 12.1: Evidence from Rocks
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 14A: Relative Dating
- Graphic Organizer 14.2: Relative Dating
- Skill and Practice Sheet 14.1: Scientific Notation
- Skill and Practice Sheet 14.1: Nicholas Steno
- Skill and Practice Sheet 14.2: Relative Dating
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 14B: Interpreting the Fossil Record
- Section 12.2: How Earth Changes
- Section 12.3: Life History
Chapter 13: The Diversity of Life
- Section 13.1: Taxonomy and Systematics
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 15A: Creature Cladogram
- Creature Cards for Creature Cladogram
- Graphic Organizer 15.1: Taxonomy
- Skill and Practice Sheet 15.1: Carolus Linnaeus
- Skill and Practice Sheet 15.1: Primate Cladogram
- Animal Kingdom Labels (.PDF) for animal classification; from Montessori Materials
- Section 13.2: Algae and Fungi
- Graphic Organizer 15.2: Algae and Fungi
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 15B: Bread Mold
- Spore Print Lab at Middle School Science
- Yeast Experiments at Home Biology
- Growing Fungi Lab at Home Biology (And for fun, a Glow in the Dark Mushroom Kit)
- Section 14.1: What Are Plants?
- Section 14.2: Roots, Stems, and Leaves
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 16A: Leaf Structure and Function
- Skill and Practice Sheet 16.2: The Parts of a Plant
- Skill and Practice Sheet 16.2: Root Structure Diagram
- Section 14.3: Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 16B: Flower Dissection
- Skill and Practice Sheet 16.3: Flower Parts
- Skill and Practice Sheet 16.3: Plant Reproduction
- Suggested Reading: John Muir: My Life with Nature by Joseph Cornell and John Muir
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Flowering Plants at Delta Education
- See: Planting Science
Chapter 15: Animals
- Section 15.1: What Is an Animal?
- Graphic Organizer 17.1: Animals
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 17A: Observing Planarians
- Live planarians at Carolina Biological Supply (also here)
- Extra Lab Idea: Stem Cell Research: Plenty of Planarian and Planarian Dissection
- Section 15.2: Invertebrate Structure and Function
- Graphic Organizer 17.2: Invertebrates
- Invertebrate Critter Cards (.PDF): Students will classify invertebrates into 5 of the main groups.
- Section 15.3: Vertebrate Structure and Function
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Animal Observatory at Delta Education
Unit 6: The Human Body
Chapter 16: Human Body Systems
- Section 16.1: Circulation and Respiration
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 18A: Who's Got the Beat?
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 18B: The Pressure's On
- Graphic Organizer 18.1: The Circulatory System
- Graphic Organizer 18.2: The Respiratory System
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: Stopwatch Math
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: Dr. Daniel H. Williams
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: Dr. Charles Drew
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: Helen Taussig
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: The Heart
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: The Human Respiratory System
- Skill and Practice Sheet 18.1: Circulation
- Section 16.2: Human Reproduction
- Section 16.3: Other Organ Systems
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Body Basics (Digestive, Respiratory and Skeletal Systems) at Delta Education
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: A Peek Inside You at Delta Education
- Section 17.1: Bones and Muscles
- Graphic Organizer 19.1: Structure of Bone
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.1: Human Skeletal System Diagram
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.1: Bone Cross-Section
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.1: Types of Human Body Joints
- Section 17.2: The Human Body as a Machine
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 19A: Levers
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 19B: Levers and the Human Body
- Graphic Organizer 19.2: Skeletal/Muscle Partners as Simple Machines
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.2: Mechanical Advantage
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.2: Types of Levers
- Skill and Practice Sheet 19.2: Levers in the Human Body
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: The Human Machine at Delta Education
- Section 18.1: The Nervous System
- Graphic Organizer 20.1: Nerve Impulses
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.1: Brain Diagram
- Neuroscience for Kids [website] and Backyard Brains [website + kit]
- Section 18.2: Vision
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 20A: Color Vision
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 20B: The Human Eye
- Graphic Organizer 20.2: How the Eye Works
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.2: Measuring Angles with a Protractor
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.2: Reflection
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.2: Using Ray Diagrams
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.2: Drawing Ray Diagrams
- Skill and Practice Sheet 20.3: Parts of the Human Eye
- Section 18.3: Optics
- Section 18.4: Hearing
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Vision and Hearing at Delta Education
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Smell, Taste, Touch at Delta Education
Labels: Science
There is also a wealth of free material available at CPO's website, but all of it is aligned to Life Science. To simplify things, I decided to match the two books up so that I could make better use of what we've got and what's available online. Fortunately, they match up fairly well. The chapters listed below are from Focus on Life Science and the corresponding student supplements are from Life Science. My list is still quite rough, but I will be improving upon it as I get further into my planning. A supply list for the entire course can be found here.
UPDATE: I've uploaded a copy of our CPO Life Science schedule for the first quarter to give a better idea of how I scheduled it, using the list below. The schedule can be found here.
Unit 1: Living Systems
Chapter 1: Studying Life
- Section 1.1: Measurements
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 1A: Measurement and Data
- Graphic Organizer: Measurements
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.1: SI System of Measurement
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.1: Converting Between SI and English Measurement Systems
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.1: Using Your Textbook
- Section 1.2: Thinking Like a Scientist
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 1B: Variables in an Experiment
- Sponge Bob Scientific Method: Controls and Variables (.PDF)
- M & M Lab: Scientific Method (.PDF)
- Graphic Organizer: 1.2 Steps to the Scientific Method
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.2: Dimensional Analysis
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.2: Reading Strategies
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.2: Scientific Method
- Skill and Practice Sheet 1.2: Control and Experimental Variables
- Section 1.3: Graphs
- Section 2.1: Is It Alive?
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 2A: Plant Growth
- Plastic Cups with Lids at Home Science Tools
- Graduated Beaker at Carolina Biological Supply
- Skill and Practice Sheet 2.1: Internet Research Skills
- Is It Alive? activity at My Science Box
- Section 2.2: What is a Living System?
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 2B: Brine Shrimp
- Brine Shrimp Eggs at Carolina Biological Supply
- Plastic Cups with Lids at Home Science Tools
- Graduated Beaker at Carolina Biological Supply
- Testing for Life's Molecules activity at My Science Box
- Graphic Organizer 2.2: Organization of Living Systems
- Skill and Practice Sheet 2.2: Bibliographies
- Skill and Practice Sheet 2.2: Control and Experimental Variables
- Section 2.3: Types of Living Things
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 3A: Classifying Living Things
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 3B: Dichotomous Keys
- Creature Cards for Investigation 3B: Dichotomous Key
- Graphic Organizer 3.3: Classification of Living Things
- Skill and Practice Sheet 2.3: Scientific Vocabulary
- Skill and Practice Sheet 3.2: Dichotomous Keys
- Life on Mars Assessment from My Science Box
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Is It Alive? at Delta Education
- Section 3.1: Variables in Habitats
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 4A: Carbon Dioxide and Living Things
- Bromothymol Blue at Carolina Biological Supply
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 4B: Variables and Growth
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 5B: Testing Pollutants
- Adult Brine Shrimp at Carolina Biological Supply
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 6A: Environments Around School
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 6B: Field Study (Organisms in Your Biome)
- See: Zipcode Zoo
- Graphic Organizer 4.3.1: Physical Variables of Land Habitats
- Graphic Organizer 4.3.2: Physical Variables of Freshwater Habitats
- Suggested Reading: Tree of Life: The Incredible Biodiversity of Life on Earth by Rochelle Strauss, OR, The Sea, the Storm, and the Mangrove Tangle by Lynne Cherry
- Section 3.2: Populations and Communities
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 5A: Food Webs
- Graphic Organizer 5.1: Ecosystems
- Graphic Organizer 5.2.1: Food Chain
- Graphic Organizer 5.2.2: Food Web
- Skill and Practice Sheet 5.1: Parts of an Ecosystem
- Skill and Practice Sheet 5.3: Ecosystem Interactions
- Skill and Practice Sheet 6.3: Wangari Maathai
- Smithsonian Wild: View animals in their native habitats via research cameras from around the world; sortable by species.
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: Ponds and Streams at Delta Education
Chapter 4: Chemistry and Physics Connections
- Section 4.1: Elements, Compounds, and Reactions
- Section 4.2: Carbon Compounds and Cells
- Section 4.3: Light and Living Things
- Section 5.1: What Are Cells?
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 7A: Examining Onion Tissue
- Graphic Organizer 7.1: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Skill and Practice Sheet 7.1: Robert Hooke
- Skill and Practice Sheet 7.1: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- Section 5.2: Cells: A Look Inside
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 7B: Animal and Plant Cells
- Live Ulothrix at Carolina Biological Supply
- Methylene Blue at Carolina Biological Supply
- Graphic Organizer 7.2: Plant vs. Animal Cells
- Skill and Practice Sheet 7.2: Animal Cell Parts
- Skill and Practice Sheet 7.2: Plant Cell Parts
- Inside a Cell Animation and worksheet from the Genetic Science Learning Center (See: Amazing Cells for much more)
- Suggested Reading: The Cell Works: Microexplorers: An Expedition into the Fantastic World of Cells by Patrick A. Baeuerle and Norbert Landa
- Section 6.1: The Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 8A: Diffusion and Osmosis
- 50 ml Beakers at Carolina Biological Supply
- 600 ml Beakers (2) at Carolina Biological Supply
- Osmosis set from Home Science Supply
- Graphic Organizer 8.1: Cell Transport
- Skill and Practice Sheet 8.1: Working with Ratios
- Section 6.2: Cells and Energy
- Section 7.1: Protozoans
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 9A: Protozoans
- Live Euglena, Amoeba, and Paramecium cultures at Carolina Biological Supply
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 9B: Investigating Pond Water
- Graphic Organizer 9.1: Types of Protozoans
- Skill and Practice Sheet 9.1: Francesco Redi
- Suggested Reading: Pond Water Zoo: An Introduction to Microscopic Life by Peter Loewer and Jean Jenkins
- Section 7.2: Bacteria
- Graphic Organizer 9.2: Comparing Bacteria and Protozoans
- Skill and Practice Sheet 9.2: Louis Pasteur
- Lab: Where Can We Find Bacteria? at Middle School Science
- Lab: Part 1: Soda Bottle Compost, Part 2: What's Living in Our Compost Tube?
- Lab: Growing Bacteria Cultures
- Section 7.3: Viruses
- Bacteria Experiment Kit at Home Science Tools
- Bacteria Gram Stain Kit at Home Science Tools
- Microbes in Action website from University of Missouri; includes classroom activities
Unit 3: Genetics
Chapter 8: Reproduction
- Section 8.1: Growth and Cell Reproduction
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 10A: Observing the Cell Cycle
- Ascaris (Roundworm) mitosis slide at Home Science Tools
- Allium (onion) root tip slide at Home Science Tools
- Graphic Organizer 10.1: The Cell Cycle
- Skill and Practice Sheet 10.1: Ernest Just
- Skill and Practice Sheet 10.1: Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
- Skill and Practice Sheet 10.1: Phases of Mitosis
- Mitosis App for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad (Free)
- Section 8.2: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
- Section 9.1: Traits
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 11A: Observing Human Traits
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.1: Working with Ratios
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.1: Gregor Johann Mendel
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.1: Walter Sutton
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.1: Genetics Vocabulary
- Suggested Reading: Gregor Mendel: The Friar Who Grew Peas by Cheryl Bardoe
- Mendel's Pea Experiment and Fruit Fly Lab from Froguts
- Section 9.2: Predicting Heredity
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 11B: Crazy Traits
- Alternate Activity: Making Reebops: A Model for Meiosis or Reebops: A "Model Organism for Teaching Genetics Concepts (Google "Reebop Genetics" for much more.)
- Easter Egg Genetics Activity
- Graphic Organizer 11.2: Laws of How Traits Are Passed on to Offspring
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.2: Probability
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.2: Punnett Squares
- Skill and Practice Sheet 11.2: More Punnett Square Practice
- Section 9.3: Other Patterns of Inheritance
- Section 10.1: The Role of DNA in Heredity
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 12A: The DNA Molecule
- DNA Simulation Student Kit at Carolina Biological Supply
- Build a DNA Molecule [Online] from the Genetic Science Learning Center
- Graphic Organizer 12.1: The Steps of DNA Replication
- Skill and Practice Sheet 12.1: Rosalind Franklin
- Skill and Practice Sheet 12.1: James Watson and Frances Crick
- Section 10.2: DNA and Technology
- Student Record Sheet: Investigation 12B: DNA Forensics
- DNA Simulation Student Kit at Carolina Biological Supply
- DNA Extraction from a Strawberry at My Science Box
- How to Extract DNA from Anything Living from the Genetic Science Learning Center
- Cloning, The Bioethics of Human Cloning (.PDF) and The Timeline History of Cloning (.PDF) from the Genetic Science Learning Center
- Science Whiz DNA Kit
- DNA Necklace Kit (Reviews here)
- Science in a Nutshell Kit: One and Only You at Delta Education
- Home Biology: An invaluable resource for homeschool biology.
- Print-and-Go Index: Printables from the University of Utah Genetic Science Learning Center (many more activities can be found on their website as well)
- Hands-On Activities for Teaching Biology from Serendip/Bryn Mawr College
- Life Science Lesson Plans from Middle School Science
- Wayne's Word: Life Science an online textbook of natural history
Labels: Science
As a spin-off to our year-long science fiction literature unit, we'll also be taking a look at retro-futurism, just for fun. This would also make a quirky tie-in to a study of technology or the history of inventions. Here's my reading list, though there may be some overlap between titles:
- The Wonderful Future that Never Was: Flying Cars, Mail Delivery by Parachutes and Other Predictions by the Editors of Popular Mechanics
- Where's My Jetpack?: A Guide to the Amazing Science Fiction Future that Never Arrived by Daniel H. Wilson
- How to Survive a Robot Uprising: Tips on Defending Yourself Against the Coming Rebellion by Daniel H. Wilson (This pertains to more to the history and future of robotics)
- Your Flying Car Awaits: Robot Butlers, Lunar Vacations, and Other Dead-Wrong Predictions of the Twentieth Century by Paul Milo
- A Brief History of Tomorrow by Jonathan Margolis
- DVDs: Walt Disney Treasures: Tomorrow Land: Disney in Space and Beyond (1959) and The Jetsons: The Complete First Season (1962)
Labels: Science, Science Fiction
Here's a breakdown of the challenge(s):
- Basic: 3 books on any biodiversity topic.
- Biomes: 3 books about major world ecosystems: open ocean; coral reefs; lakes and rivers; arctic tundra; boreal forests; temperate forests; tropical forests; savannah; grassland/steppe/ deserts.
- Branches: 3 books on different life forms: plants; fungi; invertebrates (including insects); reptiles and amphibians; birds; mammals.
- Bye-bye: 2 books about endangered or extinct species or about extinction or conservation.
- Back yard: Buy 2 or more field guides to your local flora & fauna and get to know your neighbours.
- Biodiversity Bonanza: One of each of the above!
- Deep Jungle by Fred Pearce ~ This is a book I already own, but have not yet read.
- One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest by Wade Davis
- Monster of God: The Man-Eating Predator in the Jungles of History and the Mind by David Quammen ~ For whatever reason, this book looks fascinating to me!
- Where the Wild Things Were: Life, Death, and Ecological Wreckage in a Land of Vanishing Predators by William Stolzenburg ~ Rather similar to the above title, but instead focuses on predation's vital role in the preservation of ecological diversity.
- Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds by Bernd Heinrich
- Demons in Eden: The Paradox of Plant Diversity by Jonathan Silvertown
- The Hidden Forest: The Biography of an Ecosystem by Jon R. Luoma
Wednesday we attended a homeschool class at Botanica for "Monarch Week." During the class, the kids got to watch a monarch tagging demonstration, examine butterflies under a microscope, visit the butterfly house, and play a migration simulation game - in addition to learning all about monarchs.
Our tagged butterfly
In the butterfly house
The kids enjoyed holding the butterflies...
Butterflies trying to warm up
Imaginging life with compound eyes
Migration simulation game
Feeding a Butterfly Koi
Labels: Science
Last Friday, I found myself without a working computer - again - so I decided that we would take a field trip to the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve. Unfortunately, by the time we got there it was nearly 3 pm (we made quite a few stops to explore along the way!), so we had little time to enjoy the park. We watched a video, then took a wonderful guided tour and learned quite a lot. Next time I will plan to arrive early so that we can spend the day hiking some of the beautiful prairie trails.
From their website:
Tallgrass prairie once covered 140 million acres of North America. Within a generation the vast majority was developed and plowed under. Today less than 4% remains, mostly here in the Kansas Flint Hills. The preserve protects a nationally significant remnant of the once vast tallgrass prairie and its cultural resources.
Once the hunting grounds of the Kansa and Osage Indians, the preserve's 10,894 acres are home to an astonishing variety of life: over 450 species of plants, 150 kinds of birds, 39 types of reptiles and amphibians, and 31 species of mammals. A cycle of climate, fire, and animal grazing - once buffalo, now cattle - has sustained this ecosystem. Much of the grassland flora and fauna is too subtle to be seen from a passing car, but careful scrutiny reveals the special beauty, wonder, and complexity of the prairie.



Labels: Field Trips, Kansas, Science, Wildflowers
Honestly I'm not sure what is going on with our silkworms these days. Yesterday I transferred them into a much larger box, hoping to end the rampant cannibalism that has been taking place. However, this morning we awoke to find fresh corpses, which is quite distressing (they're getting plenty of food, which makes it even more perplexing). Oddly enough, we also currently have several silkworms that are itty-bitty (about 1/4" long), while others are virtual giants - easily 3" long and as fat as 3 or 4 smaller silkworms put together. Then we have one short 'n chunky little worm that has already started spinning a cocoon, while the larger worms seem to have no interest in cocooning.This little zebra-striped guy is our favorite (and the only one of our worms that is striped):
Cocooning action:
As silkworms spin their cocoon, they move their head in a figure-eight pattern:
Only 30 minutes later and a lot of progress has been made:
This silkworm seems to be thinking about starting a cocoon:
And these guys are molting:
Labels: Science
As we've been busy planning our water garden and overall backyard, we've also been busy planning our vegetable garden(s). I finally got some seeds started, and the boys have busy with theirs as well. My husband is creating a 4' x 4' plot for each boy to [intensively] grow what they wish, and there will be a plot for a few "experimental" plants as well - mostly those cultivated from kitchen scraps and seeds/spices, à la "Don't Throw It, Grow It!"A few of the experiments:
In other news, many of our silkworms have been busy molting. The period before and after each molt, when the silkworms are eating and growing, is called an instar. Silkworms go through a total of five instars in their life. When a silkworm is ready to molt, it stops eating and remains perfectly still, its head raised in the air, for at least a day or two. While they remain motionless, a new skin is forming underneath the old and when the new skin is fully developed, they begin to move and leave their old skin. According to Sylvia Johnson's book, often their first meal after the molt is the skin just shed, however few of ours have been doing this, preferring fresh food instead. This leaves us with bunches of dried-up old skin, attached to the sides of their box, ick. In the picture below, an old skin is shown on the left, while a molting worm is shown on the right:
A group of molting silkworms:
Lastly, we were recently alerted to a fun science project that we've signed up for called The Great Sunflower Project. Each participant will be mailed 'Lemon Queen' sunflower seeds to plant (or you may buy your own, as long as they are 'Lemon Queen'). Once the plants are in bloom, they will then need to spend some time on observation, recording the flowers that are open (and thus producing pollen) and each bee that comes visiting. The results are then recorded online or mailed in. The project is being coordinated by San Francisco State University's Biology Department, in an effort to understand the challenges bees are currently facing.
Labels: Science